WIDYARISET, Edisi IPT dan IPA, Volume 13 Nomor 2, 2010

Penulis	Artikel	Abstrak
Agustinus Joko Nugroho	AKTINOMISETES KHITINOLITIK DAN PROTEOLITIK SEBAGAI AGEN PENGENDALIAN HAYATI NEMATODA SISTA KUNING (Globodera rostochiensis)	Golden cyst nematode (GCN/ Globodera rostochiensis) is a new potato parasitic nematodes found in Indonesia since 2003 and caused great economic losses more than 70% of the production. Due to the problem caused by chemically control (resistancy, killed non target organisms, and environment pollution) development of alternative control measures is a great importance i.g. microbial control. The purpose of this research was to find chitinolytic and proteolytic actinomycetes for controling eggshell nematode which bears vitelin (protein) and chitin. The result found 21 actinomycetes isolates with ratio chitinolytic and proteolytic activities more than 3.0 and among of seven isolates were chitinolytic, 11 isolates were proteolytic and three isolates had double enzyme activities. Seven selected isolates were examined on their chitinase and protease specific activities and ability to degrade nematode eggs, the results showed three isolates had chitinase activity more than 200 IU/mg, four isolates had protease activity more than 300 IU/mg. Results of the bioassay test using crude enzyme on the GCN eggs found that three isolates were able to damage eggs more than 90%. The three isolates can be applied as an agent for biocontrol of GCN in the future.
Ening Wiedosari	STUDI KOMPARATIF RESISTENSI ANTARA SAPI BALI DAN MADURA TERHADAP INFEKSI Fasciola gigantica	Designing of future approaches for the control of Fasciola gigantica infection in cattle requires an understanding of the host-parasite relationships. This study was therefore undertaken to compare the susceptibility to infection with F. gigantica between Bali and Madura cattle. Seven Bali and 7 Madura cattle were infected orally with 15 metacercariae of F. gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks. Similar observations were made on four Bali and 4 Madura cattle maintained fluke-free as controls. The study shows that there was a trend of a lower fluke burden and faecal egg counts Madura cattle than in Bali cattle. The packed cell volume (PCV) values was significantly higher in infected Madura than in Bali cattle (P<0,05). The increased of eosinophil cell response and the antibody isotypes imunoglobulin (Ig)G1 in Madura cattle were significantly higher than in Bali cattle (P<0,05). These varying responses represent differences in host-parasite relationships between Bali and Madura cattle and may be linked to the observed varying levels of resistance to F. gigantica infection between these host
Harmi Andrianyta, I Wayan Budiastra	EFEKTIVITAS METODE NONDESTRUKTIF NIR-JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DALAM MENENTUKAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA JAGUNG	High maize production should be followed by good handling and preservation up to consumer. Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) was nondestructive testing method, as well as high accuracy, free from pollution, and rapid method, therefore suggested as a testing method. The objective of this study was asses of NIR technology efectivity in determining four major compositions of maize. Fifty samples of maize (intact seeds) were scanned from 900-2000 nm NIR wavelength, interval 5 nm. Calibration model for NIR measurement using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique three layers. As input layer ANN are 5, 10 and 15 nodes principal component (PC), hidden layer 4,6, 8, 10 and 12 nodes and output layer are single chemical composition and simultaneously. Prediction of an external validation set showed low the SEP (standard error of prediction) and CV (coeficient of variability). As result NIR technology able to prediction maize chemical composition accurately SEP ranged from 0.004-0.496, CV ranged from 0.047 – 0.518. ANN with 5 nodes input layer and single output layer were very strong recommended to generate NIR calibration model.
High maize production should be followed by good handling and preservation up to consumer. Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) was nondestructive testing method, as well as high accuracy, free from pollution, and rapid method, therefore suggested as a testing method. The objective of this study was asses of NIR technology efectivity in determining four major compositions of maize. Fifty samples of maize (intact seeds) were scanned from 900-2000 nm NIR wavelength, interval 5 nm. Calibration model for NIR measurement using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique three layers. As input layer ANN are 5, 10 and 15 nodes principal component (PC), hidden layer 4,6, 8, 10 and 12 nodes and output layer are single chemical composition and simultaneously. Prediction of an external validation set showed low the SEP (standard error of prediction) and CV (coeficient of variability). As result NIR technology able to prediction maize chemical composition accurately SEP ranged from 0.004-0.496, CV ranged from 0.047 – 0.518. ANN with 5 nodes input layer and single output layer were very strong recommended to generate NIR calibration model.	INDUKSI TANAMAN CENDANA (SANTALUM ALBUM L.) TRIPLOID MELALUI KULTUR ENDOSPERMA SECARA IN VITRO	Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is an over exploitation that cause the population decreases drastically. An experiment was carried out to get triploid plant by using young seed culture. Young seeds of sandalwood were peeled and grew on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media formulation with or without addition hormones of α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin.(K). The young seed did not form shoot but its endosperm formed callus. The endosperm produced callus 26.67% on media with addition of BA 1 mg/l but not on media without any addition of hormone. The best callus production was on media with addition of NAA 2 mg/l and BA 1 mg/l. The best somatic embryos formation was NAA 1 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l and shoot formation was 2,4-D 1 mg/l + K 1 mg/l treatments. The resulted shoots from endosperms are expected to be triploid plants.
Rudi Hilmanto	PERAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper) PADA KUALITAS PENGELOLAAN LAHAN	Bamboo has economic potency and the ecology so bamboo a lot of used by local community and also world. Objectives of this research verify role of bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus Asper) at land quality using method Ring rudihilmanto, but in this research is focussed only at land element influenced by bamboo betung especially at acidity (pH) and porosity. Method of Ring rudihilmanto constitute method of tree interaction and adaptation. This method depict environmental elements which can be influenced by population a tree species of phase its growth and development at ecosystem, that is: land, temperature, water, and the other organism. Result obtained by that role of bamboo of betung at ecosystem use method of Ring rudihilmanto had ability 14,29% improve alkalis soil and 12,55% to improve soil porosity. Role of bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus Asper) at land quality repair was different significant at 0,01 level.
Diah Irawati Dwi Arini	EKSPLORASI JENIS BURUNG DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI CAGAR ALAM GUNUNG AMBANG PROPINSI SULAWESI UTARA	A study on the exploration of bird diversity in Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve was performed to collect much information on the existence of the bird species especially the endemic bird species in Wallace bioregion. This research was done by using two methods, an irregular transect method and a method with mistnet installation to determine the bird morphological characteristics. The observation area was determined purposively. A total of 68 species has been recorded from this research and those were dominated by family Columbidae. From the total species found, it could be classified into 32 families and 28 species including the endemic bird species. Seven bird species have been obtained from the mistnet method and among them, four species were found as endemic species. They were Dark-eared Myza (Myza celebensis celebensis), Matinan Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis sanfordi), Speckled Boobook (Ninox punctulata) and Sulawesi Leaf-warbler (Phylloscopus sarasinorum nesophilus).
Gagad Restu Pratiwi	TANGGAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN GANDUM TERHADAP NAUNGAN	The aim of this research was to study the effects of shading intensity on growth of wheat. The research was designed with two factorials as a split plot. The first factor was the shading intensity and the second factor was the time of shading. In addition, there was one treatment of without shading. The obtained data were analyzed by using the variance analysis and for the significant analysis treatment was contrast orthogonal and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the level significant 5 %. The results showed that the shading treatment caused changes in micro environment around the crop. The 50 % shading increased the vegetative phase of crop. In addition, the increasing intensity of shading also decreased rate transpiration, the number of fertile tiller per hill, and the number of spikes per square meter.
Jumrawati	Efektifitas Inokulasi Rhizobium sp. terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai pada Tanah Jenuh Air	The effectiveness of Rhizobium sp. inoculation in several periodes of soil saturation on growth and yield of soybean were studied at green house experiment. This research was designed by using 2x6 faktorial treatment arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and two treatment i.e. without and with Rhizobium sp. inoculation. Ist factor was duration of soil saturation consisted of six treatments i.e. field capacity, water saturation for 5-10 days after planting (dap), 10-15 dap, 15-20 dap, 20-25 dap, and 25-30 dap. Several parameters including root nodule formation, activity of root nodul, growth and yield of soybean were observed. All data was analyzed by F-test and subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) analysis at 5 % level when the treatments showing significantly variations. The result showed that Rhizobium sp. inoculation increased the amount of root nodule and activity of root nodule in fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
Lena Novita	PENGARUH SUMBER KARBON DAN AERASI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DENITRIFIKASI ISOLAT BAKTERI ASLT2	Nitrate is considered as a pollutant in freshwater or estuarine ecosystem which caused eutrofication. Bacteria can be used to reduce nitrate by denitrification process. The aim of this research was to find out the influence of carbon sources and aeration on denitrification of isolated ASLT2 bacteria. The sources of carbon were acetate, succinate, glucose and glycerol under aerob and anaerob conditions. The denitrification process was measured at seventh day. Isolated ASLT2 bacteria was able to reduce nitrate aerobically and anaerobically in various of carbon sources. The highest activity of aerobic nitrate reduction was found by using acetate as carbon source and anaerobically was found by using succinate as carbon source.
Lusty Istiqomah	KEMAJUAN GENETIK SAPI LOKAL BERDASARKAN SELEKSI DAN PERKAWINAN TERPILIH	The objectives of this research were (1) to estimate the breeding value in order to study the genetic progress of local beef cattle (2) to study the effectiveness of breeding method through selection program and assortative mating. The research was conducted at Genetic and Animal Breeding Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty of Bogor Agricultural University from January to March 2006. Data of birth weight from assortative mating between 5 sires and 50 dams have been collected during 2000 to 2005. The data were analyzed using B-Gen program. Selection method that was practiced in this population showed in line with selection method using breeding value criteria. An assessment of genetic progress indicated positive both in annual mean direct genetic trends and annual maternal trends for average birth weight. The average of inbreeding value from five generation was low (0.01%). It was concluded that genetic improvement through selection of growth traits and positive assortative mating was possible.
Nelly Puspandari, Kambang Sariadji, Melati Wati	IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA KOLERA DI PAPUA TERKAIT KONTAK JENAZAH DAN SANITASI	Cholera outbreak in District Nabire and Paniai, Papua province in May to August in 2008 killed 105 people. The aim or the research was to describe the infection of cholera through human corpse and sanitation. Bacteriological examination was conducted on rectal swabs from diarrhea victims and theirs contacts and sources of water from three places. The samples were cultured, isolated, examined the serology test in the Bacteriology laboratory of the Center for Research and Pharmaceuticals Biomedical Agency, National Institute of Health and Research Development Jakarta. The results showed that the occurrence outbreak in Papua Province was caused by Ogawa, subtype of Vibrio cholera that also contaminated the water sources. The Culture of Papuan, hugging and kissing the human corpse made the evidence of cholerae worst.
Asep Mulyono	STUDI RELASI HIDRODINAMIKA SUNGAI CIWALEN DAN AIR TANAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN MODEL (Studi Kasus pada Aliran Sungai Ciwalen Kecamatan Garut Kota)	Ciwalen River flows pass of leather industry in Sukaregang area that is the one of the prominent industry in Garut region. The usage of chemicals in the leather tanning process resulted in toxic liquid waste released to Ciwalen River. Ciwalen River that’s containing contaminants would further contaminate the groundwater system along the Ciwalen River. The study of groundwater flow particularly hydrodynamic relation river and groundwater surrounding is required. Field and secondary data were utilized in this study. Groundwater flow and hydrodynamic relation river and groundwater analyses were carried out using Visual Modflow v3.1. software. The study results that’s hydrodynamic relationship between Ciwalen River and the groundwater system can be divided into 6 segments. Segment 1, 4 and 6 belong effluent type, while segment 2 is of influent type. Segment 3 and 5 located right of the river are effluent and those located in the left of the river are of influent type. River channel length of segment 1 are 0.95 Km, length of segment 2 are 0.62 Km, length of segment 3 are 0.88 Km, length of segment 4 are 0.21 Km, length of segment 5 are 0.63 Km and length of segment 6 are 1.18 Km. Influent type indicate causes a groundwater pollution because river that’s containing contaminants would further contaminate the groundwater system particularly at urban wells in surrounding segment.
Edi Hidayat	ANALISIS MORFOTEKTONIK SESAR LEMBANG, JAWA BARAT	The Lembang fault was located approximately 10 km to the north of Bandung City that crossed the Kecamatan Lembang City directe in east-west direction for 22 km length. The existence of this fault became very important because this fault crossed the densely-populated settlement and tourism area. Up to now, the level of the activity of this fault was still in matter of debate due to the insufficient of seismicity data and history resulted by the activation of this fault.One of the approaches to determine the level of the activity of the Lembang Fault is morphometry analysis. Paramater used to morphometry analysis comprise of ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf) and drainage basin asymmetry (AF). In addition to morphometry, sediment analysis sagpond also used to determine the fault activity. Result analysis of the two methods above, indicates that the Lembang an active fault with the movement down (normal fault).
Sri Mulyaningsih	PROSES ORGANIC ELECTROCOATING YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGA­N	Organic electrocoating process is the plating process which is used organic material to be plate on the conductor materials. The process is almost the same whit other electroplating process, but they have several beneficial such as no hazardous content, the plating sequence more short than electroplating process, and possible to depositing clear or tinted polyurethane plating. The Organic electrocoating steps consist of surface treatment which is immersing the sample to the alkaline soak cleaner solution than acid mild dipping, continue to deionised rinse, organic electrocoating, deionised rinse, post dye and curing. The result of the experiment shows that the optimal Organic electrocoating process is held at voltage 35-40 V to give the best surface layer.
Yoppy, Waru Djuriatno, Suprapto	PEREKAM/PEMUTAR SUARA DIGITAL BERKAPASITAS BESAR UNTUK APLIKASI EMBEDDED SYSTEM	In embedded-system designs that involve just a small capacity voice-recorder, one may use EEPROM or voice-recorder IC. However, sometimes one needs a high capacity voice recorder also. In this case, EEPROM can’t fulfill the needs anymore because it’s hard to get EEPROM with capacity even at 512 kbyte. Meanwhile, the ISD® voice-recorder IC could store voice up to 16 minutes only. For this background, the writer proposes a high-capacity digital voice recorder which is able to record voice for several hours. It uses SD Card as the storage media.. With sampling rate at 8 kHz/8 bit and 512 MB SD Card, the recorder can store voice until 18 hours. The recorded voices are stored in WAV file format so that can be transfered from and to PC when needed
Atriyon Julzarika	TEKNIK PEMODELAN 3D CITRA SATELIT LAPAN TUBSAT DENGAN VIDEOGRAMMETRI (Studi Kasus: Gunung Semeru)	LAPAN TUBSAT imagery can be made in 3D model using Videogrammetry. These 3D model used stereo model concept, geodetic control network, and Kriging method. First, LAPAN TUBSAT imagery in the form of video was taken in two photo’s which have 60% overlay to create a stereo model. It needs to correct geometrically these two photo. After making 3D model, then geodetic control network that has been made can get ground control points from SRTM30. Kriging method that was resulted from geodetic control network was useful for making 3D model. 3D model needs statistical tests, they are display (athwart profile) and also geo-statistical. Its vertical accuracy was 5-9 m for SRTM30 with range 26-35 m. The research result concluded that LAPAN TUBSAT 3D model was created by Videogrammetry.
Dianovita	EVALUASI METODE PENAJAMAN CITRA MULTISPEKTRAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN KANAL PANKROMATIK	This paper studied three methods of pan-sharpenning of SPOT-4 image and evaluated the quality of the results. Three pan-sharpenning methods were applied to a scene of SPOT-4 image of K/J:287/364 acquiried on 25 July 2008 by using image processing software. Those three methods were IHS-RGB, Color Normalized (Brovey), and PCA (Principle Component Analysis). For IHS-RGB and Color Normalized (Brovey) methods the formulas written in Kartasasmita were used. These formula are practical to be used in image processing software and can be understood theoritically. Similarly for PCA (Principle Component Analysis) method on this research the values of the elements of eigenvectors, which are required for doing the transformation and inversion, are calculated before then they are used in a new more practical equation and can be inputted to image processing software. It was expected that three mathematic equations from those three methods can be implemented easily in other image processing softwares and used for other multispectral image sharpenning by panchromatic band. An assessment to test the pan-sharpenning processes quantitatively and qualitatively were conducted. A qualitative assessment had been conducted by visual interpretation of pansharpened image. Quantitative assessments of pan-sharpened image was showed by change of spectral value range of each spectral channel, measureof the slope detail of pansharpened image from several object detail and the spectral information similarity between original and pansharpened images by Q Index and Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are practical equations for PCA, IHS-RGB and Color Normalized (Brovey) Methods; pan-sharpened of SPOT-4 image; and quality assessment of pan-sharpened of SPOT-4 image.
Drajat Ngadmanto	PENENTUAN POTENSI GEMPABUMI MERUSAK BERDASARKAN PARAMETER KEGEMPAAN DI WILAYAH BUSUR BANDA	Banda arc has a high seismicity, therefore, it is necessary to reduce the earthquake risk. Earthquake parameters variation from Gutenberg - Richter relation, log n(M)=a – bM, has introduced the model of earthquakes prediction related to earthquake risk. Earthquake data from NEIC catalogue for a period of 1973 - 2009 has been used to analyze earthquake parameters variation (a-value, b-value) in the area of Banda arc within coordinates 1°-13° S and 120°-135° E. This research used ZMAP ver. 6.0. to analyze the earthquake data. The result of spatial analyze shows the areas of potential destructive earthquakes are surrounding of Flores, Alor and western part of Seram. The probability of earthquakes occurrence with the magnitude 6.5 RS in these areas is 7 – 15 years, whereas the magnitude 7 RS is about 20 – 60 years.
Indriyati	EFFECT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STARCH-POLY VINYL ALCOHOL BLENDS	Telah dilakukan blending starch berkadar amilosa tinggi dengan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hidrolisa parsial menggunakan metoda ekstrusi. Pemlastis yang digunakan adalah air. Hot press digunakan untuk membentuk hasil ekstrusi menjadi lembaran film. Film yang dihasilkan fleksibel dan transparan. Dari pengujian sifat mekaniknya, kelembapan relatif (RH) yang rendah memberikan sifat rapuh pada film. Sebaliknya, spesimen yang diletakkan dalam desikator pada RH 70% menunjukkan sifat ulet. Nilai maksimum dari kuat tarik (tensile strength) dan Modulus Young masing-masing adalah 43 MPa and 1100 MPa. Semua nilai maksimum ini didapat saat film dikondisikan pada RH 43%. Sementara penambahan konsentrasi PVA meningkatkan elongation-to-break sampel.
Jaka Rachmadetin	PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN POLISTIRENA TERHADAP SIFAT MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH TAHU	Soybean curd whey, which is discarded as a waste, can be used as starting material for the preparation of cellulose and cellulose acetate membrane. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, blending with polystyrene will strengthen to the membrane. Nata de soya was made by soybean curd whey then was dried to produce cellulose flake. Cellulose flake was reacted with acetylation reagent, acetic anhydride, and other solvents to produce cellulose acetat flake. It was then mixed with polystyrene to form blend of cellulose acetate:polysyrene membrane with 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20 in ratios. These membranes were characterized by water flux, rejection index, and tensile strength. The results showed that cellulose acetate produced had a water content of 4.3%, and acetyl degree of 43.26% (equal to substitution degree of 2.8-3.0). The highest water flux membrane was made of 80:20 (164.23 l/m2., the highest rejection index from 90:10 was 31.65%, and the highest tensile strength membrane was obtained from 80:20 (24.11 kgf). In conclusion that the addition of polystyrene could increase the water flux and tensile strength of membrane, but decrease the rejection index.
Rosi Ketrin Katarina	SYNTHESIS AND COMPARISON OF ADENINE, CYTOSINE, GUANINE RESINS FOR METALS COLLECTION	Beberapa resin baru menggunakan kitosan sebagai material dasar dengan adenine, cytosine, dan guanine sebagai pembentuk khelat telah dibuat untuk pemekatan runutan logam. Resin-resin tersebut yang ditempatkan di dalam mini kolom ternyata dapat menyerap ion perak secara selektif dan kuantitatif pada rentang pH yang lebar (pH 3-9). Dibandingkan dengan resin lainnya, guanine-type chitosan menunjukkan kemampuan yang terbaik untuk menyerap ion perak, bukan hanya dapat menyerap secara kuantitatif, tetapi juga dapat dengan mudah dielusi hanya dengan menggunakan 5 mL 2 M HNO3. Tetapi kapasitas penyerapan guanine-type chitosan adalah yang terendah dibandingkan dengan resin lainnya. Dengan demikian, guanine-type chitosan hanya dapat dipakai untuk pemekatan runutan ion perak dari sampel air alam.

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Penulis : Agustinus Joko Nugroho, Ening Wiedosari, Harmi Andrianyta, I Wayan Budiastra, Lazarus Agus Sukamto,
Rudi Hilmanto, Diah Irawati Dwi Arini, Gagad Restu Pratiwi, Jumrawati, Lena Novita, Lusty Istiqomah, Nelly Puspandari, Kambang Sariadji, Melati Wati, Asep Mulyono,
Edi Hidayat, Sri Mulyaningsih, Yoppy, Waru Djuriatno, Suprapto, Atriyon Julzarika, Dianovita, Drajat Ngadmanto,
Indriyati, Jaka Rachmadetin, Rosi Ketrin Katarina
Dewan redaksi : Rochadi Abdulhadi, M Bashori Imron, Iroh Siti Zahroh, Elizabeth A Widjaja, Masno Ginting, Rusdi Muchtar, Gono Semiadi, Dwi Purwoko, Tarzan Sembiring, Soebandryo, Wahyu Suprihantoro, M Ahkam Subroto, Tri Muji Ermayanti, Pardamean Sebayang, Endang Tri Margawati, Aswatini, Sarwintyas Prahastuti, Dodi Rosadi, Siti Kania Kushadiani, Nanik Supriyanti, Junaedi Mulawardana
ISSN : 1411-7932
Tahun Penerbitan : 2012
Penerbit : LIPI PRESS

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